ABSTRACT
El objetivo de este trabajo fue controlar los riesgos disergonómicos en cajeras de una tienda de una gran empresa del sector del retail, usando ergonomía participativa, a través del conocimiento y entendimiento del sistema de la empresa, constitución del grupo de trabajo (grupo Ergo), capacitación del grupo en temas relacionados con la ergonomía, toma de decisiones e intervenciones. La muestra estuvo compuesta de 71 participantes en su mayoría cajeras, las cuales en el 100 por ciento tenían compromiso músculo-esquelético, y manifestaban dolor o molestia principalmente en cuello, región lumbar, muñeca derecha y hombros. Se encontró sobrecarga postural, trabajo repetitivo, manejo manual de cargas, carga mental, disconfort ambiental, variabilidad en los horarios, jornadas prolongadas, ausencia de pausas, entre otros trastornos. En la intervención los principales cambios implementados fueron el rediseño de la estación de caja, la renovación de sillas y teclados e implementación de un sistema de rotación, así como la realización de pausas con ejercicios compensatorios. Luego de la intervención se observó una notoria mejoría de las problemáticas encontradas, concluyéndose que la ergonomía participativa es una metodología atractiva, adecuada y eficaz en la solución y control de los riesgos y problemas ergonómicos.
The objective of this paper was to control ergonomic risks among female cashiers working in a department store belonging to the retail market. Participatory ergonomics was applied through knowing and understanding how the company works, establishing the work team (Ergo group), training the team in ergonomics-related topics, andmaking decisions and interventions. The sample was composed of 71 participants mostly female cashiers, and all of them have a musculoskeletal compromise, declaring pain or discomfort mainly in the neck, lower back, right wrist and shoulders. Among others, following problems were found: postural overload, repetitive work, manual load handling, mental fatigue, environmental discomfort, variable work schedules, extended working days, and absence of breaks. In the intervention, the main implemented changes were theredesign of workstation, complete change of chairs and keyboards, and the implementation of a rotation system, as well breaks for compensatory exercises. After that, an evident improvement of found problems was observed, therefore it can be concluded that participatoryergonomics is an attractive methodology, appropriate and efficientfor solving and controlling ergonomic risks and problems.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Ergonomics , Management Quality Circles , Musculoskeletal Diseases , Women, Working , Chile , WorkplaceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To provide references for the retail pharmacies on market competition. METHODS: The customer satisfactory idea and the customer delivered value theory were analyzed and the ways to enhance the customer delivered value were discussed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Decreasing drug price is just one among the multi-methods to enhance the pharmacy customer satisfaction. The pharmacies should analyze multi-factors influencing the customer delivered value before making correct marketing strategies.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To standardize the order of the market of drugs.METHODS: Through literature review and field investigation,the patterns of manifestation and the existing problems in Chinese "false drugs" were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: "False drugs" had different patterns of manifestation in the retail market.To tighten control on "false drugs",measures should be taken from aspects of legislation,strengthening supervision,raising consumer's recognizability and so on.